Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Chromista - (Phylum) Retaria

Phylogeny

Holophyletic

Original position

Spasmaria (Subphylum) Cavalier-Smith, 1993

Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1993b: table 4 (p. 972).

Original entries

Euacanthia (Subclass) Cavalier-Smith, 1993		Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1993b: table 4 (p. 972).
Holacanthia (Subclass) Cavalier-Smith, 1993		Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1993b: table 4 (p. 972).

Current position

Spasmaria (Superclass) Cavalier-Smith, 1993

Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 21).

Alternative positions

Actinopoda (Phylum) Calkins, 1902	Ref: E.E. Ruppert et al., 2004: 52.
Actinopoda (Superclass) Calkins, 1902	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990
Radiolaria (Subphylum) Müller, 1858	Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2002b: 323.
Spasmaria (Subphylum) Cavalier-Smith, 1993	Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1993b: table 4 (p. 972). [new rank]

Historical positions

Spasmaria (Superclass) Cavalier-Smith, 1993	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 21).
Actinopoda (Phylum) Calkins, 1902	Ref: E.E. Ruppert et al., 2004: 52.
Radiolaria (Subphylum) Müller, 1858	Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2002b: 336; 323.
amoeboid protists ([unranked])	Ref: C. Febvre et al., 2000: 783. [indirect]
Actinopoda (Phylum) Calkins, 1902	Ref: 1999
Actinopoda (Superclass) Calkins, 1902	Ref: 1998
Spasmaria (Subphylum) Cavalier-Smith, 1993	Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1993b: table 4 (p. 972). [new rank]
Actinopoda (Superclass) Calkins, 1902	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990
Actinopoda (Superclass) Calkins, 1902	Ref: N.D. Levine et al., 1980

Number of Subtaxa

2025	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	4o;18f;49g;7s
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000	4o;20[18]f;~50[49]g;140s
2015b	M.A. Ruggiero et al.: table 2 (p. 22)	[4o]
2000	C. Febvre et al.: 783	4o;20[18]f;~50[49]g;140s
1999	D.J. Patterson	50g;150s
1993b	T. Cavalier-Smith: table 4 (p. 972)	[5o]