Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
[crown] Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Clade Osteolepidimorpha
Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
[crown] Clade Neotetrapoda
Clade Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Batrachosauria
[crown] Clade Amniota Haeckel, 1866 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988] - amniotes
Class Reptilia Linnaeus, 1758 - reptiles
Eureptilia Olson, 1947
Romeriida Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe, 1988
Clade Diapsida Osborn 1903 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2020]
[crown] Clade Neodiapsida Benton 1985
Clade Pan-Archelosauria W.G. Joyce, J. Anquetin, E. Cadena, J. Claude, I.G. Danilov, S.W. Evers, ..., J.F. Parham 2021, sedis mutabilis
[crown] Clade Archelosauria N.G. Crawford, J.F. Parham, A.B. Sellas, B.C. Faircloth, T.C. Glenn, T.J. Papenfuss, ..., W.B. Simison 2015 [W.G. Joyce, J. Anquetin, E. Cadena, J. Claude, I.G. Danilov, S.W. Evers, ..., J.F. Parham 2021]
Clade Pan-Testudines Joyce, Parham & Gauthier 2004 [Joyce, Parham, Anquetin, Claude, Danilov, Iverson, Kear, Lyson, Rabi & Sterli 2020]
Subclass Testudinata Oppel, 1811 [monotypic] - testudinates
[crown] Order Testudinesᵀ Wagler, 1830 - turtles
Suborder Cryptodira Cope, 1868
Superfamily Testudinoidea Batsch, 1788
Family Testudinidaeᵀ Batsch, 1788 - tortoises
01 Genus †Kansuchelys Yeh, 1963
02 Genus †Sinohadrianus Ping, 1929
03 Genus †Megalochelys Falconer & Cautley, 1837
04.1 Genus Aldabrachelys Loveridge & Williams, 1957 [monotypic]
04.2 Genus ‡Cylindraspis Fitzinger, 1835
05 Genus Chersina Gray, 1831 [monotypic]
06.1 Genus Geochelone Fitzinger, 1835
06.2 Genus Astrochelys Gray, 1873
06.3 Genus Centrochelys Gray, 1872 [monotypic]
06.4 Genus Chelonoidis Fitzinger, 1835
06.5 Genus Stigmochelys Gray, 1873 [monotypic]
07 Genus Homopus Duméril & Bibron, 1835
08 Genus Indotestudo Lindholm, 1929
09 Genus Kinixys Bell, 1827
10 Genus Malacochersus Lindholm, 1929 [monotypic]
11 Genus Manouria Gray, 1854
12 Genus Psammobates Fitzinger, 1835
13 Genus Pyxis Bell, 1827
14.1.1.1 Genus †Hesperotestudo (Williams, 1950)
14.1.1.2 Genus †Stylemys Leidy, 1851
14.1.2 Genus Testudoᵀ Linnaeus, 1758
14.2.1 Genus †Oligopherus Hutchison, 1996 [monotypic]
14.2.2 Genus Gopherus Rafinesque, 1832