Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia

Subsequent positions

Neotrochozoa ([unranked]) K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001

Ref: K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001: 172.

Current position

Eutrochozoa (Superphylum) Ghiselin, 1988

Ref: K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001: 172. [implicit]

Alternative positions

Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: Z.-Q. Zhang, 2013: 8.
Articulata ([unranked]) Cuvier
Eucoelomata (Section)	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979: 323.
Eumetazoa (Subkingdom) Butschli, 1910	Ref: S.J. Edmonds, 1982: 65.
Lophotrochozoa (Superphylum) Halanych, Bacheller, Aguinaldo, Liva, Hillis & Lake, 1995	Ref: 06/12/2004
Metazoa (Kingdom) Haeckel, 1874
Neotrochozoa ([unranked]) K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001	Ref: K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001: 172. [new position]
Protostoma (Series)	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 214.
protostomes (Clade)	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1998: 282-285.
Pulvinifera ([unranked])	Ref: E.E. Ruppert et al., 2004: 495. [implicit]
Trochozoa ([unranked]) Beklemischev, 1944	Ref: G. Giribet et al., 2000: 551.

Historical positions

Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: Z.-Q. Zhang, 2013: 8.
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: Z.-Q. Zhang, 2011: 10.
Pulvinifera ([unranked])	Ref: E.E. Ruppert et al., 2004: 490-495, 502, fig. 9.26B. [implicit]
Neotrochozoa ([unranked]) K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001	Ref: K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001: 172, [176]; 205. [new position]
organisms ([unranked])	Ref: J. van der Land, 2001: 178.
Trochozoa ([unranked]) Beklemischev, 1944	Ref: G. Giribet et al., 2000: 551, fig. 4; 544, tab. 1.
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: 1998
protostomes (Clade)	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1998: 282-285.
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: 1995
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 444-449; 4.
Protostomia ([unranked]) Grobben, 1908	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 118. [alternative position]
Eumetazoa (Subkingdom) Butschli, 1910	Ref: S.J. Edmonds, 1982: 65.
Protostoma (Series)	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 214-215.
Eucoelomata (Section)	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979: 323.

Number of Subtaxa

1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000	3o;4f;40g;168s; †2g;2s
2013	Z.-Q. Zhang: 8	198s; †0s
2011	Z.-Q. Zhang: 10	236s
2011	Z.-Q. Zhang: 10	236s
1997	TAMU	40g168s; †2g2s
1990	R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca	135s
1982	S.J. Edmonds	3o;[4f];32[34]g;140[137]s
1982	L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz	130s