Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Arthropoda - (Class) Insecta - (Order) Lepidoptera

Current position

quadrifids ([unranked])

Ref: R. Zahiri et al., 2012: fig. 2.

Alternative positions

Ditrysia (Suborder) Börner, 1925	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979: 599.
Heterocera (Suborder)
Noctuoidea (Superfamily) Latreille, 1809	Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken et al., 2011: 217.

Historical positions

quadrifids ([unranked])	Ref: R. Zahiri et al., 2012: table 1, figs. 2-4.
Noctuoidea (Superfamily) Latreille, 1809	Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken et al., 2011: 217.
Noctuoidea (Superfamily) Latreille, 1809	Ref: J.D. Lafontaine & B.C. Schmidt, 2010: 42.
Noctuoidea (Superfamily) Latreille, 1809	Ref: N.P. Kristensen et al., 2007: 746.
Noctuoidea (Superfamily) Latreille, 1809	Ref: J.B. Heppner, 1998b: 59.
Noctuoidea (Superfamily) Latreille, 1809	Ref: E.G. Munroe, 1982: 651.
Ditrysia (Suborder) Börner, 1925	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979: 599.
Heteroneura (Suborder) Tillyard, 1918	Ref: B. Grzimek, 1973-1975

Number of Subtaxa

2024	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	1295g;8958s;1481ss; ‡8s
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000: 25 Jul 2017	[1297g]
2011	E.J. van Nieukerken et al.: 217	1089g;11,772s
1998b	J.B. Heppner: 59	[24sf]
1982	E.G. Munroe: 651	4000g;25,000s