Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia

Subsequent positions

Chordonia (Infrakingdom) (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998

Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998: 237. [assumed]

Current position

Deuterostomia (Infrakingdom) Grobben, 1908

Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48).

Alternative positions

Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990
Chordonia (Infrakingdom) (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998	Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998: 237. [new position]
Coelomates ([unranked]) Hyman, 1951	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 48.
Deuterostoma (Series)	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 236.
Deuterostomia (Superphylum) Grobben, 1908	Ref: J.S. Nelson et al., 2016: 13.
Deuterostomia ([unranked]) Grobben, 1908	Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1c). [inferred rank]
Deuterostomia (Subdivision) Grobben, 1908	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979: 325.
Deuterostomia (Midphylum) Grobben, 1908	Ref: E. Möhn, 1984
Dexiothetica (Subsuperphylum) Jefferies, 1979	Ref: M.J. Benton, 1993: 533.
Eumetazoa (Subkingdom) Butschli, 1910	Ref: W.J. Bock, 1982: 822.
Metazoa (Kingdom) Haeckel, 1874
Metazoa (Subkingdom) Haeckel, 1874	Ref: R.C. van Caenegem et al., 1980: 307.

Historical positions

Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: T. Rees et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 131).
Deuterostomia ([unranked]) Grobben, 1908	Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1c). [inferred rank]
Deuterostomia (Superphylum) Grobben, 1908	Ref: J.S. Nelson et al., 2016: 13.
Deuterostomia (Infrakingdom) Grobben, 1908	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48).
Deuterostomia ([unranked]) Grobben, 1908	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: [433]. [implicit]
Deuterostomia ([unranked]) Grobben, 1908	Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken, 2010: 280.
deuterostomes (Superphylum) Grobben, 1908	Ref: S.J. Bourlat et al., 2006: 85.
Deuterostomia (Superphylum) Grobben, 1908	Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 15-17.
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: L.L. Mai et al., 2005: 573.
Deuterostomia ([unranked]) Grobben, 1908	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: [389], box 1.1.
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: X.-G. Hou et al., 2004: 216. [implicit]
Deuterostomia ([unranked]) Grobben, 1908	Ref: E.E. Ruppert et al., 2004: fig. 27.12B.
fossil marine animal genera (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 296.
Deuterostomia ([unranked]) Grobben, 1908	Ref: K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001: 172, [176]; 205.
organisms ([unranked])	Ref: 2000
Chordonia (Infrakingdom) (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998	Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998: table 4 (p. 237). [new position]
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: 1998
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: 1995
Dexiothetica (Subsuperphylum) Jefferies, 1979	Ref: M.J. Benton, 1993: 533; [563].
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 843, 858-877.
Coelomates ([unranked]) Hyman, 1951	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 48. [alternative position]
Deuterostomia ([unranked]) Grobben, 1908	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 118. [alternative position]
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: R.S. Boardman et al., 1987
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: A.S. Romer & T.S. Parsons, 1986: App. 1 (p. 619).
Deuterostomia (Midphylum) Grobben, 1908	Ref: E. Möhn, 1984
Metazoa (Subkingdom) Haeckel, 1874	Ref: R.C. van Caenegem et al., 1980: 307.
Eumetazoa (Subkingdom) Butschli, 1910	Ref: W.J. Bock, 1982: 822.
Deuterostoma (Series)	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 236.
Deuterostomia (Subdivision) Grobben, 1908	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979: 325.
Bilateralia (Subdivision)	Ref: B. Grzimek, 1973-1975

Number of Subtaxa

2024	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	9c;149o;1087f;9946g;61,722s;12,699ss;306v;1; ‡2o;19f;115g;413s;102ss;1v; †7c;221o;1145f;7573g;3111s;70ss;1v;104
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000	[12c;132o]
2020	T. Rees et al.: table 2 (p. 131)	60,084*ng;20,753[-37,933]*g; †43.1%g
2005	M.J. Benton	[3sp]
1998	T. Cavalier-Smith	[2sp]
1997	TAMU	8,680g46,000s; †10,100g24,360s
1990	R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca	~50,000s
1982	W.J. Bock: 822	3sp;[10c;115o]
1982	L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz	45,000s