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Taxon:
Phylum
Ciliophora
Doflein, 1901
(protist)
Taxa
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Hierarchy
Nomenclature
Taxonomy
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Bibliography
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Classification by:
(1995) Zoological Record
(1998) Zoological Record
Systema Naturae 2000
Brusca & Brusca (1990) Invertebrates
Cavalier-Smith ([1991(ined.?)]) Kingdom Protozoa and its 16 phyla
Cavalier-Smith (1993b) Kingdom Protozoa and Its 18 Phyla
Cavalier-Smith (1998) A revised six-kingdom system of life
Cavalier-Smith (2000) Flagellate megaevolution
Cavalier-Smith (2002b) The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa
Cavalier-Smith (2004) Only six kingdoms of life
Cavalier-Smith (2004) Chromalveolate Diversity and Cell Megaevolution
Cavalier-Smith (2022(2021) (alt.)) [Cladistic Classification]
Cavalier-Smith & Chao (2004) Protalveolate phylogeny and systematics and the origins of Sporozoa and dinoflagellates (phylum Myzozoa nom. nov.)
Cavalier-Smith et al. (2015) Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista
Corliss (1984) The Kingdom Protista and its 45 phyla
Costello et al. (2001) European Register of Marine Species
Lee et al. (2000) An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa, Second Edition
Levine et al. (1980) A Newly Revised Classification of the Protozoa
Lynn (2008) The Ciliated Protozoa
Margulis & Schwartz (1982) Five Kingdoms
Margulis & Schwartz (1998) Five Kingdoms
Margulis et al. (1990) Handbook of Protoctista
Möhn (1984) System und Phylogenie der Lebewesen
Noordijk et al. (2010) De Nederlandse Biodiversiteit
Parker (1982) Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms
Rees et al. (2020) All genera of the world: an overview and estimates based on the March 2020 release of the Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera (IRMNG)
Ruggiero et al. (2015b) Correction: A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms
Sepkoski (2002) A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera
Song & Wilbert (2002) Faunistic Studies on Marine Ciliates from the Antarctic Benthic Area, Including Descriptions of One Epizoic Form, 6 New Species and, 2 New Genera (Protozoa: Ciliophora).
Whittaker (1969) New Concepts of Kingdoms of Organisms
Kingdom
Protozoa
Goldfuss, 1818 - protozoa
Phylum
Ciliophora
Doflein, 1901 - ciliates
©2004-2026 Universal Taxonomic Services
Last updated:
28 Aug 2026
Kingdom Protozoa Goldfuss, 1818 - protozoa
Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901 - ciliates