living organisms see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Superkingdom Eukaryotae see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     Kingdom Plantae Haeckel (1866) - plants
       Subkingdom Embryobionta Cronquist, Takht. & W.Zimm.
         Division Magnoliophyta Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. (1966) see Phylum Magnoliophyta Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal (1996)
           Class Magnoliopsida Brongn. (1843)
             Subclass Rosidae Takht. (1967) see Superorder Rosanae Takht. (1967)
               Order Euphorbiales Lindl. (1833) see Order Malpighiales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl (1820)
                 Family Euphorbiaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons. - spurge family
                   1 Genus Croton L. (1753)
                   2 Genus Euphorbia L. (1753)
                   3 Genus Hevea Aubl. (1775)
                   4 Genus Ricinus L. (1753)
                   5 Genus Manihot Mill. (1754)