Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
   Gnathostomata
     Teleostomi
       Class Osteichthyes Huxley, 1880 [paraphyletic] - bony fishes see [unranked] Euteleostomi
         Subclass Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes see Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891
           Infraclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923 see Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
             Division Teleostei Müller, 1845 see Infraclass Teleostei Müller, 1845
               Subdivision Euteleostei Greenwood et al., 1966 see Cohort Euteleosteomorpha (Greenwood et al., 1966)
                 Superorder Paracanthopterygii Greenwood, Rosen, Weitzman & Myers, 1966
                   Order Percopsiformes Berg, 1937 - trout-perches
                     Suborder †Sphenocephaloidei [monotypic] see Order Sphenocephaliformes Rosen & Patterson, 1969
                       Family †Sphenocephalidae Patterson, 1964