Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata - (Class) Reptilia - (Order) Charadriiformes - (Family) Laridae

Original position

Anseres (Order) Linnaeus, 1758

Current position

Sterninae (Subfamily) Bonaparte, 1838

Ref: E.C. Dickinson, 2003: 149.

Alternative positions

Anseres (Order) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: [von] Linné, C., 1766: 227.
Laridae (Family) Vigors, 1825	Ref: J. van der Land, 2001: 375.
Sternidae (Family) Bonaparte, 1838	Ref: C.M. Perrins, 1991 (1990)
Sternini (Tribe) Bonaparte, 1838	Ref: B.L. Monroe Jr. & C.G. Sibley, 1993: 113.

Historical positions

Sterninae (Subfamily) Bonaparte, 1838	Ref: E.C. Dickinson, 2003: 149.
Laridae (Family) Vigors, 1825	Ref: J. van der Land, 2001: 375.
Sternini (Tribe) Bonaparte, 1838	Ref: B.L. Monroe Jr. & C.G. Sibley, 1993: 113.
Sternidae (Family) Bonaparte, 1838	Ref: C.M. Perrins, 1991 (1990)
Chordata (Phylum) Bateson, 1885	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 239. [rough position]
Sterninae (Subfamily) Bonaparte, 1838	Ref: W.J. Bock, 1982: 986.
Laridae (Family) Vigors, 1825	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979
Sternidae (Family) Bonaparte, 1838	Ref: B. Grzimek et al., 1975 (1969): 566.
Sterninae (Subfamily) Bonaparte, 1838	Ref: P. Brodkorb, 1967: 208.
Anseres (Order) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: C. a Linné, 1766: 118, 227.
Anseres (Order) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1758: 84, 137.

Number of Subtaxa

2025	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	33s;57ss
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000: 25 May 2015	[33s;57ss]
2003	E.C. Dickinson: 152	[33s;57ss]
1993	B.L. Monroe Jr. & C.G. Sibley	[32s]
1991 (1990)	C.M. Perrins	32s
1758	C. Linnaeus	[3s]