Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata - (Class) Reptilia

Subsequent positions

Carinatae (Infraclass) Merrem, 1813

Ref: P. Brodkorb, 1971: 233. [assumed]

Current position

Cypselomorphae (Superorder) Huxley, 1867

Ref: B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007: 94.

Alternative positions

Carinatae (Infraclass) Merrem, 1813	Ref: P. Brodkorb, 1971: 233. [new position]
Neognathae (Superorder) Pycraft, 1900	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 625.
Neornithes (Subclass) Gadow, 1893	Ref: B. Grzimek et al., 1975 (1969): 579.
unnamed (Superorder)	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 399.

Historical positions

Cypselomorphae (Superorder) Huxley, 1867	Ref: B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007: 94.
unnamed (Superorder)	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 399, box 9.4.
Neoaves (Clade) Sibley et al. 1988	Ref: J. Cracraft et al., 2003: 18. [inferred rank]
Aves (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: 1995
Neognathae (Superorder) Pycraft, 1900	Ref: C.M. Perrins, 1991 (1990): 20, 380.
Neognathae (Superorder) Pycraft, 1900	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 625.
Neognathae (Superorder) Pycraft, 1900	Ref: W.J. Bock, 1982: 989-990.
Neornithes (Subclass) Gadow, 1893	Ref: B. Grzimek et al., 1975 (1969): 579.
Carinatae (Infraclass) Merrem, 1813	Ref: P. Brodkorb, 1971: 233. [new position]

Number of Subtaxa

2025	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	5f;23g;117s;230ss; ‡4s; †1g
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000: 26 Oct 2021	[5f;23g;117s;230ss; †1g]
2007	B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi	[5f]
2003	E.C. Dickinson: 246	[5f;22g;115s;231ss; ‡3s]
2003	J. Cracraft et al.	[5f;22g;115s; ‡3s]
1991 (1990)	C.M. Perrins	116s
1988	R.L. Carroll: 625	[4f]
1982	W.J. Bock	2so;5f
1971	P. Brodkorb	[; †1f;2g]