Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata - (Class) Reptilia

Subsequent positions

Carinatae (Infraclass) Merrem, 1813

Ref: P. Brodkorb, 1978 [assumed]

Current position

Passerimorphae (Superorder) Sibley et al., 1988

Ref: B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007: 95.

Alternative positions

Carinatae (Infraclass) Merrem, 1813	Ref: P. Brodkorb, 1978 [new position]
higher land birds (Superorder)	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 399.
Neognathae (Superorder) Pycraft, 1900	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 625.
Neornithes (Subclass) Gadow, 1893	Ref: B. Grzimek et al., 1974 (1970): 617.

Historical positions

Passerimorphae (Superorder) Sibley et al., 1988	Ref: B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007: 95.
higher land birds (Superorder)	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 399, box 9.4.
Neoaves (Clade) Sibley et al. 1988	Ref: J. Cracraft et al., 2003: 18. [inferred rank]
Aves (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: 1995
Passerimorphae (Superorder) Sibley et al., 1988	Ref: B.L. Monroe Jr. & C.G. Sibley, 1993: 138.
Neognathae (Superorder) Pycraft, 1900	Ref: C.M. Perrins, 1991 (1990): 21, 385.
Neognathae (Superorder) Pycraft, 1900	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 625.
Neognathae (Superorder) Pycraft, 1900	Ref: W.J. Bock, 1982: 996-997.
Carinatae (Infraclass) Merrem, 1813	Ref: P. Brodkorb, 1978 [new position]
Neornithes (Subclass) Gadow, 1893	Ref: B. Grzimek et al., 1974 (1970): 617.

Number of Subtaxa

2025	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	97f;1219g;5721s;2356ss;1v; ‡21g;77s;17ss; †2s
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000	[96f;1205g;5714s]
2003	E.C. Dickinson	[96f;1205g;5707s; ‡14g;51s]
2003	J. Cracraft et al.	[96f;1205g;5707s; ‡14g;51s]
1993	B.L. Monroe Jr. & C.G. Sibley	[46f];1168[1157]g;5739[5711]s; ‡[10g;28s]
1991 (1990)	C.M. Perrins	5659s
1990		45f
1988	R.L. Carroll: 625	[>5f; †[>]1f]
1982	W.J. Bock	5so;69[70]f;5274s