Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata - (Class) Reptilia

Current position

Carinatae (Clade) Merrem 1813 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001]

Ref: K. Padian, 2004: 225. [implicit]

Alternative positions

Euornithes (Clade) Sereno 1998	Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: 59.
Ornithurae (Clade) Haeckel 1866 [Gauthier 1986] {Chiappe 1991}	Ref: J.K. O'Connor et al., 2010: fig. 9.

Historical positions

Ornithurae (Clade) Haeckel 1866 [Gauthier 1986] {Chiappe 1991}	Ref: J.K. O'Connor et al., 2010: fig. 9.
Carinatae (Clade) Merrem 1813 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001]	Ref: K. Padian, 2004: 225, table 11.1 (p. [211]). [implicit]
Euornithes (Clade) Sereno 1998	Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: 59.

Phylogeny

Node-based clade

Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: 59. [implicit]

Defined by the most recent common ancestor (and all its descendants) of

Passer (Genus) Brisson, 1760		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: 59
Struthio (Genus) Linnaeus, 1758		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: 59

Included, by definition, in node-based clade

Aves (Clade) Linnaeus 1758 [Gauthier 1986], nom. cl. inval.		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 65)
Avetheropoda (Clade) Paul 1988 [Padian et al. 1999]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 61) (Padian et al., 1999)
Dinosauria (Clade) Owen 1841		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 61)
Eumaniraptora (Clade) Padian, Hutchinson & Holtz 1997 [Padian et al. 1999]		Ref: M.P. Martyniuk, 2012: 177 (Padian et al., 1999)
Maniraptora (Clade) Gauthier 1986		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 65)
Maniraptoriformes (Clade) Holtz 1995 [Holtz 1996]		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 65)
Neotetanurae (Clade) Sereno et al. 1994		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 64)
Neotheropoda (Clade) Bakker 1986 [Sereno 1998]		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 64)
Ornithothoraces (Clade) Chiappe 1995		Ref: Chiappe, L.M. 1995. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 181, 14 Jun 1995: 56.
Ornithothoraces (Clade) Chiappe 1995		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 65)
Ornithurae (Clade) Haeckel 1866 [Gauthier 1986] {Chiappe 1991}		Ref: L.M. Chiappe, 1991: 336, 337 ("extant birds"). [Chiappe, 1996: [205]]
Pygostylia (Clade) Chatterjee 1997 [Chiappe 2001]		Ref: L.M. Chiappe, 2001: [126] (fig. 1) ("modern birds")
Tyrannoraptora (Clade) Sereno 1999, nom. cl. inval.		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1999: 2147 (note 88)

Included, by definition, in branch-based clade

Avialae (Clade) Gauthier 1986		Ref: K. Padian, 2004: 210 ("living birds") [implicit]
Coelurosauria (Clade) Huene 1914 [Gauthier 1986]		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 64)
Euornithes (Clade) Sereno 1998		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 65)
Ornithurae (Clade) Haeckel 1866 [Gauthier 1986] {Chiappe 1991}		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 65)
Paraves (Clade) Sereno 1997 [Sereno 1998]		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 65)
Saurischia (Clade) Seeley 1887 [Gauthier 1986]		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 63)
Tetanurae (Clade) Gauthier 1986		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 64)
Theropoda (Clade) Marsh 1881 [Gauthier 1986]		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 64)

Excluded, by definition, from branch-based clade

†Allosauroidea (Clade) Currie & Zhao 1993 [Padian & Hutchinson 1997]		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 64)
†Archaeopteryx (Genus) Meyer, 1861		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 65)
†Ceratosauria (Clade) Marsh 1895 [Rowe & Gauthier 1990]		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 64)
†Enantiornithes (Clade) Walker 1981 [Sereno 1998]		Ref: L.M. Chiappe, 2001: [126] (fig. 1)
†Enantiornithes (Clade) Walker 1981 [Sereno 1998]		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 65)
†Herrerasauridae (Clade) Benedetto 1973 [Novas 1992]		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 64)
†Ornithischia (Clade) Seeley 1887		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 61)
†Ornithomimosauria (Clade) Barsbold 1976 [Osmólska 1997]		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 65)
†Oviraptorosauria (Clade) Barsbold 1976 [Barsbold 1997]		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 65)
†Therizinosauroidea (Clade) Russell & Dong 1993 [Zhang et al. 2001]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 71) (Zhang et al., 2001)
†Tyrannosauroidea (Clade) Walker 1964 [Sereno 1998]		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 1998: table 4 (p. 65)

Number of Subtaxa

2023	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	31o;202f;2151g;9617s;7150ss;1v; ‡2o;7f;57g;261s;62ss; †5o;59f;273g;74s;3ss
2003	E.C. Dickinson: 26	[23o;193f];2161[2136]g;9721[9595]s; ‡[1f;26g];128[131]s
2003	J. Cracraft et al.	[23o;193f];2161[2136]g;9721[9595]s; ‡[1f;26g];128[131]s