Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata - (Class) Mammalia

Phylogeny

Paraphyletic/Ancestral (para)

Ref: J.G.M. Thewissen et al., 2007: 1190.

Included, by definition, in node-based clade

Cetartiodactyla (Clade) Montgelard, Catzeflis & Douzery 1997

Ref: C. Montgelard et al., 1997: 555.

Subsequent positions

Eparctocyona (Mirorder) McKenna, 1975

Original entries

Questionably †Leptochoeridae (Family) Marsh, 1894
Questionably Suiformes (Suborder) Jaeckel, 1911

Subsequent entries

Ruminantia (Suborder) Scopoli, 1777
Tylopoda (Suborder) "Illiger, 1811"

Current position

Cetartiodactyla (Superorder) Montgelard, Catzeflis & Douzery, 1997

Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 444.

Alternative positions

Eparctocyona (Mirorder) McKenna, 1975	Ref: M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997: 391.
Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 639.
Mammalia (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: P. Grubb, 1993: 377.
Paraxonia (Superorder) (Marsh, 1884)	Ref: G.G. Simpson, 1945
Placentalia (Infraclass) Owen, 1837	Ref: D.E. Wilson & D.M. Reeder, 2011: 59.
Ungulata (Subclass) (Linnaeus, 1766)	Ref: E.R. Lankester, 1877: 454.
Ungulata (Superorder) Linnaeus, 1766	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: table A-1 (p. 629) (Novacek, 1986). [by reference]

Historical positions

Cetartiodactyla (Superorder) Montgelard, Catzeflis & Douzery, 1997	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 444.
Placentalia (Infraclass) Owen, 1837	Ref: D.E. Wilson & D.M. Reeder, 2011: 59.
Cetacea/Artiodactyla (Clade) Montgelard, Catzeflis & Douzery 1997	Ref: J.G.M. Thewissen et al., 2007: 1190, fig. 2; 1192. [implicit]
Theria (Subclass) Parker & Haswell, 1897	Ref: P. Grubb, 2005: 637.
Cetartiodactyla (Superorder) Montgelard, Catzeflis & Douzery, 1997	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 401, box 10.6.
Eparctocyona (Mirorder) McKenna, 1975	Ref: M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997: 391.
Mammalia (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: 1995
Mammalia (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: P. Grubb, 1993: 377; 6.
Mammalia (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: R.M. Nowak, 1991
Mammalia (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: G.B. Corbet & J.E. Hill, 1991: 125.
Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 639.
Ungulata (Superorder) Linnaeus, 1766	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: table A-1 (p. 629) (Novacek, 1986). [by reference]
Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872	Ref: A.S. Romer & T.S. Parsons, 1986: 626.
Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872	Ref: A.F. DeBlase, 1982: 1058.
Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979
Mesaxonia (Superorder) (Marsh, 1884)	Ref: B. Grzimek, 1973-1975
Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872	Ref: L.B. Halstead, 1974: 172.
Paraxonia (Superorder) (Marsh, 1884)	Ref: G.G. Simpson, 1945
Ungulata (Subclass) (Linnaeus, 1766)	Ref: E.R. Lankester, 1877: 454.

Number of Subtaxa

2025	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	7f;73g;192s;202ss; ‡2g;7s;8ss; †14f;412g;69s;4ss
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000	10f;83g;213s; ‡2g;10s; †27f;599g
2015	M.J. Benton: 445	[9f]
2011	D.E. Wilson & D.M. Reeder: 59	10f
1997	M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell	[10f;82g; ‡2g; †27f;599g]
1993	P. Grubb	[10f];81g;220[214]s; ‡[6s]
1991	G.B. Corbet & J.E. Hill	[10f;77g];~194[202]s; ‡[3s]
1988	R.L. Carroll: 643	[10f; †20f]
1982	A.F. DeBlase	3so;[9f;77g]
1979	T.I. Storer et al.	3so9f; †16f
1945	G.G. Simpson:	[9f]