[organisms] see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Eukaryotes see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     Metazoa Haeckel 1874 - multicellular animals see Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758
       Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians see Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888
         Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908 - deuterostomes see Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
           Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
             Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates see Infraphylum Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801
               Infraphylum Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates see Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874
                 Class Chondrichthyes Huxley, 1880 - cartilaginous fishes
                   Subclass Elasmobranchii Bonaparte, 1838 - shark-like fishes see Infraclass Elasmobranchii Bonaparte, 1838
                     Infraclass Euselachii Hay, 1902 - sharks and rays, and related fossils see Subclass Euselachii Hay, 1902
                       1 Order †Xenacanthiformes Berg, 1955
                       2.1 Order †Ctenacanthiformes Glikman, 1964
                       2.2.1 Order †Hybodontiformes Patterson, 1966
                       2.2.2 Cohort Neoselachii Compagno, 1977 see Infraclass Elasmobranchii Bonaparte, 1838