Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                 Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                   Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
                     Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
                       Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
                         Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
                           Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
                             Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
                               Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
                                 Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
                                   Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
                                     Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
                                       Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
                                         Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
                                           Subphylum Craniata auct.
                                             Infraphylum Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801 - vertebrates
                                               Clade Pan-Gnathostomata Downs 2020
                                                 Superclass Gnathostomataᵀ Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
                                                   [crown] Clade Eugnathostomata
                                                     [stem] Class †Acanthodii Owen, 1846 [paraphyletic] - acanthodians
                                                       Genus †Acanthodius
                                                       .1 Genus †Gemuendolepis Gross, 1973
                                                       .2 Genus †Gomphacanthus Davis, 1884
                                                       .3 Genus †Homacanthus Agassiz, 1845
                                                       .4 Genus †Nodocosta Gross, 1940
                                                       .5 Genus †Nodonchus White, 1961
                                                       .6 Genus †Oracanthus Agassiz, 1837
                                                       1 Family †Onchidae Jordan, 1923, incertae sedis
                                                       2 Family †Machaeracanthidae Burrow & Young, 2005, incertae sedis
                                                       3 Family †Sinacanthidae Zhu, 1998, incertae sedis
                                                       4 Family †Tchunacanthidae Karatajūtė-Talimaa & Smith, 2003, incertae sedis
                                                       5.1 Order †Diplacanthiformes Berg, 1940
                                                       5.2.1 Genus †Granulacanthus Hanke, Wilson & Lindoe, 2001, incertae sedis
                                                       5.2.2 Order †Ischnacanthiformes Berg, 1940
                                                       6.1.1 [plesion] Genus †Paucicanthus Hanke, 2002, sedis mutabilis
                                                       6.1.2 [plesion] Genus †Cassidiceps Gagnier & Wilson, 1996, sedis mutabilis
                                                       6.1.3.1 [plesion] Genus †Latviacanthus Schultze & Zidek, 1982
                                                       6.1.3.2 Order †Acanthodiformesᵀ Berg, 1940
                                                       6.2 Order †Climatiiformes Berg, 1940 [paraphyletic]