Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         [crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           Clade "neomura" Cavalier-Smith 1987
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               Clade neokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 1993 - mitochondrial eukaryotes
                 Clade neozoa Cavalier-Smith 1993
                   Clade scotokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 2000
                     Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith 2012
                       [crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012
                         [crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987
                           Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
                             Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith 2008
                               Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
                                 Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
                                   Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
                                     Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
                                       Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
                                         Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
                                           Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
                                             [stem] Superclass †Pteraspidomorphi Goodrich, 1909 [monotypic]
                                               Class †Pteraspidomorphi Goodrich, 1909
                                                 Subclass †Heterostraci Lankester, 1868
                                                   1 ?Genus †Aserotaspis Dineley & Loeffler, 1976
                                                   2 ?Order †Cardipeltida
                                                   3 ?Order †Corvaspidida
                                                   4 ?Order †Lepidaspidida
                                                   5 ?Order †Tesseraspidida
                                                   6 ?Order †Traquairaspidiformes Stensio, 1958
                                                   7 ?Order †Tolypelepidida
                                                   8 Order †Cyathaspidiformes (Kaier, 1930)
                                                   9 Order †Pteraspidiformes Berg, 1940