Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade "neomura" Cavalier-Smith 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade neokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 1993 - mitochondrial eukaryotes
Clade neozoa Cavalier-Smith 1993
Clade scotokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 2000
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
[crown] Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Clade Osteolepidimorpha
Clade Tetrapoda Goodrich, 1930
[crown] Clade Neotetrapoda
Clade Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Batrachosauria
Clade Amniota Haeckel, 1866 - amniotes
Class Reptilia Linnaeus, 1758 - reptiles
Eureptilia Olson, 1947
Romeriida Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe, 1988
Clade Diapsida Osborn 1903 [Laurin 1991]
Clade Neodiapsida Benton 1985 [Laurin 1991] {Reisz, Modesto & Scott 2011}
[crown] Clade Sauria McCartney 1802 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
Clade Archosauromorpha Huene 1946 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988] {Laurin 1991}
Clade Archosauria Cope 1869 [Gauthier & Padian 1985]
Avesuchia Benton, 1999
Clade Avemetatarsalia Benton 1999
Clade Ornithodira Gauthier 1986
Clade Dinosauromorpha Benton 1985
Clade Dinosauriformes Novas 1992
Clade Dinosauria Owen 1841
Clade Saurischia Seeley 1887 [Gauthier 1986]
Clade Theropoda Marsh 1881 [Gauthier 1986]
Clade Neotheropoda Bakker 1986 [Sereno 1998]
Clade Averostra Paul 2002
Clade Tetanurae Gauthier 1986
Clade Orionides Carrano, Benson & Sampson 2012
Clade Avetheropoda Paul 1988 [Padian et al. 1999]
Clade Coelurosauria Huene 1914 [Gauthier 1986]
Clade Tyrannoraptora Sereno 1999, nom. cl. inval.
Clade Maniraptoriformes Holtz 1995 [Holtz 1996]
Clade Maniraptora Gauthier 1986
Clade Pennaraptora Foth et al. 2014
Clade Paraves Sereno 1997 [Sereno 1998]
Clade Avialae Gauthier 1986
Subclass Aves Linnaeus, 1758
Clade Pygostylia Chatterjee 1997 [Chiappe 2001]
Clade Ornithothoraces Chiappe 1995
Clade Ornithuromorpha Chiappe 2001
Clade Ornithurae Haeckel 1866 [Gauthier 1986] {Chiappe 1991}
Clade Carinatae Merrem 1813 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001]
[crown] Clade Neornithes Gadow, 1893 - living birds
Cohort Neognathae Pycraft, 1900
Subcohort Galloanserae Sibley, Ahlquist & Monroe Jr., 1988 [monotypic]
Superorder Galloanserimorphaeᵀ Sibley, Ahlquist & Monroe Jr., 1988
Order Anseriformes Wagler, 1831 - waterfowl and screamers
Suborder Anseresᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - waterfowl
Superfamily Anatoidea Vigors, 1825
Family Anatidaeᵀ Vigors, 1825 - ducks, geese, swans
Subfamily Anatinaeᵀ Vigors, 1825 - pond ducks
01 Genus †Eoneornis Ameghino, 1895
02 Genus †Eutelornis Ameghino, 1895
03 Genus ‡Pachyanas Oliver, 1955
04 Genus Malacorhynchus Swainson, 1831 - pink-eared duck
05 Genus Salvadorina Rothschild & Hartert, 1894 [monotypic]
06.1.1 Genus Cairina Fleming, 1822 [monotypic]
06.1.2 Genus Asarcornis Salvadori, 1895 [monotypic]
06.2 Genus Pteronetta Salvadori, 1895 [monotypic]
06.3 Genus Aix Boie, 1828
06.4 Genus Chenonetta Brandt, 1836 [monotypic] - maned duck
06.5 Genus Nettapus Brandt, 1836 - green pygmy-goose
06.6 Genus Amazonetta Boetticher, 1929 [monotypic]
06.7 Genus Callonetta Delacour, 1936 [monotypic]
13.1 Genus Lophonetta Riley, 1914 [monotypic]
13.2 Genus Speculanas Boetticher, 1929 [monotypic]
13.3 Genus Anasᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - Pacific black duck
14 Genus Marmaronetta Reichenbach, 1853 [monotypic]
15 Genus ‡?Rhodonessa Reichenbach, 1853 [monotypic]
16.1 Genus Netta Kaup, 1829
16.2 Genus Aythya Boie, 1822 - hardhead
17.1 Genus Polysticta Eyton, 1836 [monotypic]
17.2 Genus Somateria Leach, 1819
18.1 Genus Histrionicus Lesson, 1828
18.2 Genus ‡Camptorhynchus Bonaparte, 1838 [monotypic]
18.3 Genus Melanitta Boie, 1822
18.4 Genus Clangula Leach, 1819 [monotypic]
18.5 Genus Bucephala Baird, 1858
18.6.1 Genus Mergellus Selby, 1840 [monotypic]
18.6.2 Genus Lophodytes Reichenbach, 1853 [monotypic]
18.6.3 Genus Mergus Linnaeus, 1758
19.1 Genus Heteronetta Salvadori, 1865 [monotypic]
19.2.1 Genus Nomonyx Ridgway, 1880 [monotypic]
19.2.2 Genus Oxyura Bonaparte, 1828 - blue-billed duck
19.3 Genus Biziura Stephens, 1824 - musk duck