Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Craniata auct.
Infraphylum Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801 - vertebrates
Clade Pan-Gnathostomata Downs 2020
Superclass Gnathostomataᵀ Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
[crown] Clade Eugnathostomata
Clade Pan-Osteichthyes Rowe 2004 [Moore & Near 2020]
Clade Osteichthyes Huxley 1880 [Moore & Near 2020]
Clade Pan-Sarcopterygii
Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
Clade Dipnotetrapodomorpha Nelson, 2006
Clade Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Clade Osteolepidida Boulenger 1901 [Cloutier & Ahlberg 1996]
Clade Eotetrapodiformes Coates & Friedman, 2010
[crown] Clade Elpistostegalia Camp & Allison, 1961
Clade Stegocephali Cope 1868 [Laurin 2020]
Clade Labyrinthodontia Owen 1859 [Laurin 2020]
Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Laurin 2020]
Clade Pan-Amniota Rowe 2004 [Laurin & Smithson 2020]
Clade Batrachosauria
Clade Amniota Haeckel 1866 [Laurin & Reisz 2020]
Clade Synapsida Osborn 1903 [Laurin & Reisz 2020]
[crown] Clade Therapsida Broom 1905 [Rowe 2020]
Clade Theriodontia Owen, 1876
Clade Eutheriodontia
Clade Cynodontia Owen 1861 [Rowe 2020]
Clade Epicynodontia Hopson & Kitching 2001
Clade Eucynodontia Kemp 1982 [Rowe 1993]
Clade Probainognathia Hopson, 1990
Clade Mammaliamorpha Rowe 1988 [Rowe 2020]
Clade Mammaliaformes Rowe 1988 [Rowe 2020]
Clade Amphilestheria Gaetano & Rougier 2011
Clade Holotheria Wible, Rougier, Novacek, McKenna & Dashzeveg 1995
Class Mammaliaᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - mammals
Clade Theriimorphaᵀ Rowe 1993
Clade Theriiformesᵀ Rowe 1988
Clade Trechnotheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
Clade Cladotheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
Clade Zatheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
Clade Prototribosphenidaᵀ Wible, Rougier, Novacek, McKenna & Dashzeveg 1995
Clade Boreosphenidaᵀ Luo, Cifelli & Kielan-Jaworowska 2001
Subclass Theriaᵀ Parker & Haswell, 1897
Infraclass Eutheria Gill, 1872
Cohort Placentalia Owen, 1837 - placentals
Magnorder Boreoeutheria Springer & de Jong, 2001
Superorder Laurasiatheria Waddell, Okada & Hasegawa, 1999
[crown] Clade Scrotifera Waddell, Cao, Hauf & Hasegawa 1999
Order Chiroptera Blumenbach, 1779 [coordinate rank] - bats
Suborder Pteropodiformes
Superfamily Pteropodoideaᵀ Gray, 1821 [monotypic]
Family Pteropodidaeᵀ Gray, 1821 - Old World fruit bats
Subfamily Pteropodinaeᵀ Gray, 1821
Tribe Pteropodiniᵀ Gray, 1821
Subtribe Pteropodinaᵀ Gray, 1821
Genus Pteropusᵀ Brisson, 1762 - flying foxes
01 Pteropus subniger species group
02 Pteropus mariannus species group
03 Pteropus caniceps species group [monotypic]
04 Pteropus niger species group
05 Pteropus melanotus species group [monotypic]
06.1 Pteropus melanopogon species group
06.2 Pteropus livingstonii species group [monotypic]
07 Pteropus chrysoproctus species group
08 Pteropus molossinus species group
09 Pteropus samoensis species group
10 Pteropus pselaphon species group
11 Pteropus personatus species group
12 Pteropus vampyrus species group
13 Pteropus alecto species group
14 Pteropus conspicillatus species group
15 Pteropus neohibernicus species group [monotypic]
16 Pteropus poliocephalus species group
17 Pteropus scapulatus species group