Natura - nature
Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1748: 210; Count: 14k;234p;890c;1643o;9905f;114,238g;258,273s;29,231ss;2072v;35,692;112e; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v;7; †6p;91c;608o;3558f;17,820g;6466s;207ss;2v;496;14e
actualia - actual entities
Ref: A. Voltolini, 2006: 44 (note 19) [assumed position]; Count: 14k;234p;890c;1643o;9905f;114,238g;258,268s;29,231ss;2072v;35,692;112e; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v;7; †6p;91c;608o;3558f;17,820g;6466s;207ss;2v;496;14e
Mundus Plinius - physical world
Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1758: 5 [indirect position]; 24 Apr 2014.; Count: 14k;234p;890c;1643o;9905f;114,238g;258,268s;29,231ss;2072v;35,690;112e; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v;7; †6p;91c;608o;3558f;17,820g;6466s;207ss;2v;496;14e
naturalia - natural bodies
Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1758: 6 [implicit position]; Count: 8k;234p;890c;1643o;9829f;114,228g;257,844s;29,231ss;2041v;11; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;91c;608o;3558f;17,820g;6466s;207ss;2v;104
Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Ref: J. Wiemann et al., 2020: [13] [validation] [inferred position]; Count: 6k;234p;415c;1635o;9829f;114,185g;254,617s;29,229ss;2013v;11; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;91c;607o;3558f;17,811g;6426s;207ss;2v;104
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2002b: 297 [inferred position]; Count: 6k;89p;344c;1479o;9331f;110,640g;238,293s;28,828ss;1995v;4; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;91c;607o;3557f;17,804g;6417s;207ss;2v;104
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Ref: P.M. Kirk et al., 2008: 248 [indirect position]; 19 Sep 2015.; Count: 6k;84p;334c;1460o;9299f;110,513g;237,847s;28,828ss;1995v;4; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;91c;607o;3557f;17,804g;6417s;207ss;2v;104
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11 [new taxon] [implicit position]; Count: 5k;83p;333c;1459o;9297f;110,373g;237,822s;28,828ss;1995v;4; ‡2o;20f;119g;518s;110ss;1v; †6p;90c;605o;3537f;17,621g;6331s;201ss;2v;104
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11 [new taxon]; Count: [p] 3k;56p;187c;849o;7231f;88,375g;216,877s;28,335ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11; Count: [p] 3k;56p;186c;848o;7229f;88,371g;216,869s;28,335ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
Ref: A.G.B. Simpson et al., 2020: [97] [validation] [indirect position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.; Count: [p] 3k;56p;183c;845o;7224f;88,365g;216,864s;28,335ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
Ref: Brown, 2013: 7 [new taxon] [implicit position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2021: fig. 11.; Count: [p] 3k;55p;176c;826o;7170f;88,203g;216,582s;28,333ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Ref: A.G.B. Simpson & M. Medina, 2020: [103] [validation] [indirect position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.; Count: [p] 3k;55p;174c;824o;7167f;88,194g;216,571s;28,333ss;507v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;70c;502o;3021f;13,391g;5184s;107ss;2v;104 [26 Jan 2024]
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Ref: L. Tedersoo et al., 2018: 154 [implicit position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.; Count: [p] 1k;33p;95c;582o;6230f;78,878g;214,219s;28,325ss;483v;3; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;69c;501o;3020f;12,905g;5175s;107ss;2v;104 [25 Aug 2019]
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012): 156 [inferred position]; 19 Jan 2016.; Count: [p] 1k;33p;94c;579o;6219f;78,847g;214,171s;28,325ss;483v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;69c;501o;3020f;12,905g;5175s;107ss;2v;104 [25 Aug 2019]
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012): 156 [implicit position]; Count: [p] 33p;92c;576o;6214f;78,792g;214,104s;28,325ss;482v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †4p;69c;501o;3020f;12,905g;5175s;107ss;2v;104
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1a) [inferred position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a.; Count: 31p;86c;541o;6049f;78,029g;213,554s;28,306ss;471v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †2p;63c;472o;2723f;11,405g;4921s;107ss;2v;104
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36) [indirect position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a.; Count: 29p;80c;518o;5812f;77,137g;212,817s;28,301ss;463v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †2p;58c;458o;2710f;11,281g;4825s;107ss;2v;104
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1b) [implicit position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.; Count: 28p;78c;516o;5788f;77,051g;212,795s;28,301ss;463v;1; ‡2o;20f;118g;514s;110ss;1v; †1p;55c;458o;2706f;11,261g;4803s;107ss;2v;104
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48) [indirect position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.; Count: [p] 3p;18c;190o;1248f;10,492g;62,113s;12,707ss;308v;1; ‡2o;19f;115g;413s;102ss;1v; †1p;28c;278o;1167f;7716g;3164s;75ss;1v;104 [27 Apr 2019]
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48); Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.; Count: 9c;149o;1087f;9946g;61,722s;12,699ss;306v;1; ‡2o;19f;115g;413s;102ss;1v; †7c;221o;1145f;7573g;3111s;70ss;1v;104
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48); Count: [f†c] 6c;142o;1063f;9855g;61,522s;12,695ss;306v;1; ‡2o;19f;115g;413s;102ss;1v; †7c;221o;1145f;7568g;3110s;70ss;1v;104
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 30 [implicit position]; Count: 5c;140o;1059f;9840g;61,403s;12,695ss;306v;1; ‡2o;19f;115g;413s;102ss;1v; †5c;206o;1129f;7247g;3098s;68ss;1v;104
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 16; Count: 5c;140o;1059f;9840g;61,403s;12,695ss;306v;1; ‡2o;19f;115g;413s;102ss;1v; †2c;197o;1101f;7168g;3060s;68ss;1v;104
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 82; Count: 4c;126o;1005f;9645g;60,243s;12,693ss;306v;1; ‡2o;19f;115g;413s;102ss;1v; †1c;162o;997f;6874g;2994s;68ss;1v;104
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 86; Count: 4c;126o;1005f;9645g;60,243s;12,693ss;306v;1; ‡2o;19f;115g;413s;102ss;1v; †159o;987f;6816g;2984s;68ss;1v;104
[Clade] Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 17 [inferred rank]; Count: 3c;67o;530f;5077g;31,847s;12,155ss;303v;1; ‡2o;19f;112g;392s;98ss;1v; †126o;838f;6350g;2824s;68ss;1v;104
Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 462 [implicit position]; Count: 3c;66o;530f;5077g;31,847s;12,155ss;303v;1; ‡2o;19f;112g;392s;98ss;1v; †122o;833f;6316g;2798s;68ss;1v;104
Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 465; Count: 3c;65o;527f;5074g;31,841s;12,150ss;303v;1; ‡2o;19f;112g;392s;98ss;1v; †121o;821f;6305g;2796s;68ss;1v;104
Clade Osteolepidimorpha
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 466; Count: 3c;65o;527f;5074g;31,841s;12,150ss;303v;1; ‡2o;19f;112g;392s;98ss;1v; †120o;820f;6298g;2792s;68ss;1v;104
Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
Ref: D.R. Frost et al., 2006: fig. 51 [out of scope] [indirect position]; Count: [o†c] 3c;65o;527f;5074g;31,841s;12,150ss;303v;1; ‡2o;19f;112g;392s;98ss;1v; †118o;814f;6290g;2784s;68ss;1v;104 [27 Jan 2017]
[Clade] Neotetrapoda
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 436 [inferred rank] [implicit position]; Count: 3c;65o;527f;5074g;31,841s;12,150ss;303v;1; ‡2o;19f;112g;392s;98ss;1v; †118o;805f;6273g;2765s;68ss;1v;104
[Clade] Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 437 [inferred rank] [implicit position]; Count: 2c;62o;466f;4549g;25,180s;12,080ss;303v;1; ‡2o;19f;112g;388s;98ss;1v; †116o;763f;6223g;2750s;68ss;1v;104
Batrachosauria
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: box 4.5 [implicit position]; Count: [f] 2c;62o;466f;4549g;25,180s;12,080ss;303v;1; ‡2o;19f;112g;388s;98ss;1v; †114o;750f;6216g;2748s;68ss;1v;104
[Clade] Amniota Haeckel, 1866 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988] - amniotes
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 437 [inferred rank]; Count: [f] 2c;62o;466f;4549g;25,180s;12,080ss;303v;1; ‡2o;19f;112g;388s;98ss;1v; †108o;725f;6186g;2742s;68ss;1v;104
Clade Synapsida Osborn 1903 [Gauthier et al. 1989]
Ref: R.V. Hill, 2005: fig. 5; Count: [f] 1c;27o;165f;1205g;5120s;4356ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †54o;411f;4532g;1801s;65ss;1v
Clade Therapsida Broom, 1905
Ref: T. Rowe, 1988: fig. 2; Count: [f] 1c;27o;165f;1205g;5120s;4356ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †54o;405f;4512g;1787s;65ss;1v
Clade Theriodontia
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: box 5.3 [implicit position]; Count: [f] 1c;27o;165f;1205g;5120s;4356ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †54o;392f;4504g;1785s;65ss;1v
Clade Eutheriodontia
Ref: T. Rowe, 1988: fig. 2 [indirect position]; Count: [f] 1c;27o;165f;1205g;5120s;4356ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †54o;391f;4503g;1784s;65ss;1v
Clade Cynodontia Owen 1861 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
Ref: T. Rowe, 1988: fig. 2; Count: [f] 1c;27o;165f;1205g;5120s;4356ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †54o;383f;4500g;1784s;65ss;1v
Clade Epicynodontia Hopson & Kitching 2001
Ref: J.A. Hopson & J.W. Kitching, 2001: 6 [new taxon]; Count: 1c;27o;165f;1205g;5120s;4356ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †54o;382f;4498g;1784s;65ss;1v
Clade Eucynodontia Kemp 1982 [Rowe 1993]
Ref: J.A. Hopson & J.W. Kitching, 2001: 6 [new position]; Count: [f] 1c;27o;165f;1205g;5120s;4356ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †54o;380f;4497g;1784s;65ss;1v
[Clade] Probainognathia Hopson, 1990
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 438 [inferred rank]; Count: 1c;27o;165f;1205g;5120s;4356ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †54o;377f;4489g;1783s;65ss;1v
[Clade] Mammaliamorpha Rowe 1988
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 438 [inferred rank] [implicit position]; Count: 1c;27o;165f;1205g;5120s;4356ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †54o;374f;4486g;1783s;65ss;1v
Clade Mammaliaformesᵀ Rowe 1988
Ref: T. Rowe, 1988: 250 [new taxon]; Count: [f†g] 1c;27o;165f;1205g;5120s;4356ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †53o;372f;4482g;1781s;65ss;1v
Clade Amphilestheria Gaetano & Rougier 2011
Ref: L.C. Gaetano & G.W. Rougier, 2011: 840; 832 [implicit position]; Count: 1c;27o;165f;1205g;5120s;4356ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †50o;365f;4436g;1720s;65ss;1v
[Clade] Holotheria Wible, Rougier, Novacek, McKenna & Dashzeveg 1995
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 399 [inferred rank] [indirect position]; Martinelli et al., 2021: fig. 7.; Count: 1c;27o;165f;1205g;5120s;4356ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †47o;360f;4417g;1698s;65ss;1v
Class Mammaliaᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - mammals
Ref: K.D. Rose, 2006: table 1.2 [indirect position]; Count: 27o;165f;1205g;5120s;4356ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †45o;358f;4414g;1694s;65ss;1v
Clade Theriimorphaᵀ Rowe 1993
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: box 10.3 (p. 330) [implicit position]; Count: [f†g] 26o;163f;1202g;5115s;4347ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †42o;353f;4401g;1679s;65ss;1v
[Clade] Theriiformesᵀ Rowe 1988
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 399 [inferred rank] [implicit position]; Huttenlocker et al., 2018: fig. 4.; Count: [f†g] 26o;163f;1202g;5115s;4347ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †42o;353f;4398g;1677s;65ss;1v
[Clade] Trechnotheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 400 [inferred rank] [implicit position]; Bi et al., 2014: fig. 4.; Count: [f†g] 26o;163f;1202g;5115s;4347ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †39o;320f;4274g;1530s;65ss;1v
Clade Cladotheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
Ref: Z. Kielan-Jaworowska et al., 2004 (alt.): table 1.1 (p. 14); Count: 26o;163f;1202g;5115s;4347ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †38o;318f;4258g;1509s;65ss;1v
Clade Zatheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
Ref: Z. Kielan-Jaworowska et al., 2004 (alt.): table 1.1 (p. 14); Huttenlocker et al., 2018: fig. 4.; Count: [f†g] 26o;163f;1202g;5115s;4347ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †35o;306f;4224g;1469s;65ss;1v
Clade Prototribosphenidaᵀ Wible, Rougier, Novacek, McKenna & Dashzeveg 1995
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: box 10.3 (p. 330) [indirect position]; Martinelli et al., 2021: fig. 7; Benton, 2015: box 10.3 (p. 330).; Count: 26o;163f;1202g;5115s;4347ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †34o;303f;4216g;1460s;65ss;1v
Clade Boreosphenidaᵀ Luo, Cifelli & Kielan-Jaworowska 2001
Ref: Z. Kielan-Jaworowska et al., 2004 (alt.): table 10.1 (p. 379) [inferred position]; Martinelli et al., 2021: fig. 7; Benton, 2015: box 10.3 (p. 330).; Count: 26o;163f;1202g;5115s;4347ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †34o;302f;4214g;1456s;65ss;1v
Subclass Theriaᵀ Parker & Haswell, 1897
Ref: C.J. Burgin et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 26) [indirect position]; Benton, 2015: box 10.3 (p. 330).; Count: 26o;163f;1202g;5115s;4347ss;302v; ‡12f;52g;110s;33ss;1v; †33o;299f;4201g;1442s;65ss;1v
Infraclass Eutheria Gill, 1872
Ref: C.J. Burgin et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 26); Count: 19o;144f;1112g;4794s;4140ss;302v; ‡10f;49g;99s;31ss;1v; †25o;249f;3920g;1335s;64ss;1v
Cohort Placentalia Owen, 1837 - placentals
Ref: K.D. Rose, 2006: table 1.2; Bi et al., 2018: fig. 4.; Count: [f†g] 19o;144f;1112g;4794s;4140ss;302v; ‡10f;49g;99s;31ss;1v; †23o;243f;3869g;1284s;64ss;1v
Magnorder Boreoeutheria Springer & de Jong, 2001
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 401; Upham et al., 2019: fig. 4.; Count: [f†g] 11o;129f;1069g;4687s;3966ss;302v; ‡7f;39g;97s;30ss;1v; †21o;217f;3523g;1094s;45ss;1v
Superorder Euarchontoglires Murphy, Stanyon & O'Brien, 2001
Ref: C.J. Burgin et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 26); Upham et al., 2019: fig. 4.; Count: 5o;59f;555g;2573s;802ss;1v; ‡5f;28g;53s;5ss; †4o;65f;1260g;428s;20ss
Grandorder Euarchonta Waddell, Okada & Hasegawa, 1999
Ref: K.D. Rose, 2006: table 1.2 (p. 10) [indirect position]; Asher, 2018: fig. 7.9A.; Count: [*†g] 3o;19f;72g;378s;336ss; ‡3f;9g;2s;2ss; †30f;287g;238s;3ss [17 May 2022]
Order Primates Linnaeus, 1758 - primates
Ref: K.D. Rose, 2006: table 1.2 (p. 10); Upham et al., 2019: fig. 4.; Count: 16f;67g;358s;292ss; ‡3f;9g;2s;2ss; †28f;274g;237s;3ss [15 Jun 2013]
Clade Euprimates
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 446; Benton, 2015: box 11.1.; Count: 16f;67g;358s;292ss; ‡3f;9g;2s;2ss; †17f;214g;127s;3ss
Suborder Haplorhini Pocock, 1918
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 446; Benton, 2015: box 11.1.; Count: 9f;43g;252s;256ss; ‡1g;2ss; †8f;141g;83s;3ss
Infraorder Simiiformes Haeckel, 1866
Ref: C.J. Burgin et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 26); Williams et al., 2010: fig. 2.; Count: 8f;42g;245s;253ss; ‡1g;2ss; †4f;90g;67s;3ss
Parvorder Catarrhini Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812
Ref: C.J. Burgin et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 26); Count: 3f;30g;158s;195ss; ‡2ss; †3f;65g;45s;3ss
Superfamily Hominoidea Gray, 1825
Ref: C.J. Burgin et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 26); Count: 2f;8g;22s;24ss; †2f;46g;42s;2ss
Family †Proconsulidae Leakey, 1963
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 446; Benton, 2015: box 11.3 (p. 413 fig. a).; Count: [†g] †21g;7s
Subfamily †Afropithecinae
Ref: J.G. Fleagle, 2013: App. 1 (p. 418); Count: [†g] †6g;3s [2 Jun 2022]
Genus †Afropithecusᵀ Leakey & Leakey, 1986
Ref: J.G. Fleagle, 2013: App. 1 (p. 418); Count: †1s
†Afropithecus turkanensisᵀ Leakey & Leakey, 1986
Ref: W.C. Hartwig, 2002: 318; Count: -